LABORATORY TESTS RANGE VALUES

"Eliminate the cause, then the disease will pass."
– Hippocrates

Make yourself periodic preventive laboratory tests every six months. Thus you will benefit a huge advantage - namely, enough time to react in the management of a disease in its early stages, before the wandering panic at the last moment.

Here's what you should lab test:

• CBC (Complete Blood Count) + DBC (Differential Blood Count)
• ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)
• Blood sugar
• Prothrombin time (INR)
• Folic acid (B₉)
• Vitamin B₁₂
• Homocysteine
• Alkaline phosphatase (APL)
• Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
• C-reactive protein
• Cholesterol (lipid) profile – complex test
• Rheumatoid factor
• Hepatic enzymes – complex test
• K, Na, Cl (potassium, sodium, chloride)
• Ca (calcium)
• P (phosphorus)
• Mg (magnesium)
• Fe (iron)
• Renal function – complex test
• Uric acid

Remark:

The complex tests included in the above list contain in themselves the following elements:

• Renal function
    - Uric acid
    - Sediment
    - pH of urine
    - Total protein
    - albumin
    - creatinine
    - blood

• Cholesterol (lipid) profile:
    - Total cholesterol
    - Triglycerides
    - HDL (High Density Lipoproteins - "good")
    - LDL (low density lipoproteins - "bad")

• Hepatic enzymes:
    - AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
    - ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
    - Gamma GT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase)
    - Bilirubin

However, before you start to analyse any data from laboratory tests have in mind that a mass phenomenon in private and state laboratories, private clinics and university hospitals is the replacement of the physiologically normal reference ranges with those that are not only misleading but also criminally false. Why is this happening to this day I do not want to comment although the explanation is easy to guess. To avoid this "inconvenience" I attached herein below a list of reference values and ranges of most of the important medical lab test that have been checked from me in the textbooks of physiology and biochemistry.

Reference values are for adults:

1. BLOOD
1.1 BLOOD CELL COUNT
Erythrocytes	men	4.4 – 5.9	1012/l
	women	3.7 – 5.3	1012/l
Hemoglobin	men	135 – 180	g/l
	women	120 – 160	g/l
Hemoglobin fractions
-           Hb A		92 – 96	%
-           Hb A2		2 – 3	%
-           Hb F		0.3 – 1.0	%
Glycated HbA1c		up to 6.4	%
Hematocrit	men	0.40 – 0.53
	women	0.36 – 0.48
MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)		82 – 96	fl
MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin)		27 – 33	pg
MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration)		300 – 360	g/l
Reticulocytes		0.002 – 0.018	(24-48 x 109/l)
Leukocytes		3.5 – 10.5	109/l
Leukogram
- Neutrophils (St, Sg):
St (stabs)		0.00 – 0.06	(0.00 – 0.50 x 109/l)
Sg (segs)		0.40 – 0.70	(2.10 – 6.40 x 109/l)
-    Eo (eosinophils)		0.00 – 0.06	(0.00 – 0.50 x 109/l)
-    Ba (basophils)		0.00 – 0.02	(0.00 – 0.14 x 109/l)
-    Mo (monocytes)		0.01 – 0.11	(0.07 – 0.80 x 109/l)
-    Ly (lymphocytes)		0.20 – 0.48	(1.10 – 3.80 x 109/l)
Platelets		130 – 360	109/l
ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)	men up to 50's	up to 18	mm/h
	men over 50's	up to 22	mm/h
	women up to 50's	up to 25	mm/h
	women over 50's	up to 30	mm/h
1.2 BLOOD COAGULATION
Bleeding time		2 – 5	min
Prothrombin time (PT):		10 – 15	s
	activity	70 – 120	%
	ratio (INR)	0.9 – 1.15
aPTT		25 – 38	s
Thrombin time		18 – 23	s
	ratio (INR)	0.85 – 1.15
Fibrinogen		2 – 4	g/l
Therapeutic area:
Prothrombin time (PT):
	activity	30 – 15	%
	ratio (R)	2 – 3 (4)
	INR	2.0 – 4.0
aPTT ratio		1.5 – 2.5
D-dimer		up to 0.2	µg/ml
Coagulation factors		50 – 150	%
Antithrombin (AT)		80 – 120	%
Protein C (Pr C)		70 – 140	%
Protein S (Pr S)		70 – 140	%
Plasminogen (PI)		80 – 120	%
α2-antitrypsin		80 – 120	%
Platelet aggregation		over 60	%
1.3 ELECTROLYTES AND OLIGOELEMENTS
S-Osmolality		280 – 295	mosm/l
S-K (potassium)		3.5 – 5.6	mmol/l
S-Na (sodium)		136 – 151	mmol/l
S-Cl (chloride)		96 – 110	mmol/l
S-Ca (calcium)		2.12 – 2.62	mmol/l
S-iCa2+ (calcium ions)	adults	1.1 – 1.3	mmol/l
	children	1.1 – 1.5	mmol/l
S-P (phosphorous)	adults	0.84 – 1.45	mmol/l
	children	0.95 – 1.95	mmol/l
S-Fe (iron, ferrozine, ferrum)	men	12.5 – 26.7	µmol/l
	women	10.7 – 23.4	µmol/l
(AAS)	men	10.2 – 36.4	µmol/l
	women	9.2 – 33.9	µmol/l
S-JAC (Iron Binding Capacity)		44.8 – 71.6	µmol/l
S-Cu (copper)	men	12.3 – 22.4	µmol/l
	women	13.2 – 24.3	µmol/l
S-Zn (zinc)		12 – 24	µmol/l
S-Mg (magnesium)		0.7 – 1.2	mmol/l
S-iMg2+ (magnesium ions)		0.33 – 0.57	mmol/l
B-Pb (lead)		8 – 269	µg/l
S-Li (lithium)		0.86 – 4.5	µmol/l
S-Se (selenium)		423 – 1123	nmol/l
S-Cd (cadmium)		1.0	µg/l
	smokers	2.0	µg/l
S-Al (aluminium)		0 – 10	µg/l
S-Mn (manganese)		0.5 – 0.7	µg/l
B-Mn (manganese)		4 – 14	µg/l
S-As (arsenic)		0.5 – 1.5	µg/l
B-As (arsenic)		2 – 7	µg/l
B-Mo (molybdenum)		0.8 – 3.3	µg/l
B-Ni (nickel)		4.5 – 28	µg/l
B-Cr (chromium)		2.8 – 45	µg/l
S-Cr (chromium)		0.12 – 2.1	µg/l
1.4 SUBSTRATES
S-Bilirubin	Total	3.4 – 21	µmol/l
	direct	0.8 – 8.5	µmol/l
S-Glucose	venous blood	2.8 – 6.1	mmol/l
S-Glucose	capillary blood	3.5 – 5.5	mmol/l
S-Creatinine	men	74 – 127	µmol/l
	women	58 – 96	µmol/l
S-Uric acid	men	214 – 488	µmol/l
	women	137 – 363	µmol/l
S-Urea	men	3.2 – 9.2	mmol/l
	women	2.6 – 7.2	mmol/l
S-Homocysteine		4.7 – 13.8	µmol/l
P-Ammonia		10 – 47	µmol/l
P-Lactate		0.6 – 1.5	mmol/l
1.5 LIPID STATUS
S-Cholesterol		3.4 – 5.2	mmol/l
S-HDL ( "good" cholesterol)	men	above 0.9	mmol/l
	women	above 1	mmol/l
S-LDL ( "bad" cholesterol)		2.6 – 3.2	mmol/l
S-VLDL		up to 0.9	mmol/l
Cholesterol / HDL ratio		up to 5	mmol/l
S-Triglycerides		0.6 – 1.7	mmol/l
1.6 ENZYMES
S-AST (ASAT)		5 – 40	U/L
S-ALT (ALAT)		5 – 40	U/L
S-CK (Creatine Kinase)	men	30 – 200	U/L
	women	20 – 180	U/L
S-γGT	men	< 50	U/L
	women	< 35	U/L
S-ALP (alkaline phosphatase)		< 280	U/L
S-LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)		230 – 460	U/L
S-HBD (hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase)		< 200	U/L
S-Cholinesterase		5300 – 12900	U/L
S-Leucine Amino Peptidase		8 – 22	U/L
S-α-Amylase		< 95	U/L
S-AP (acid phosphatase)	men	up to 6.5	U/L
	women	up to 5.5	U/L
Prostate		up to 2.6	U/L
S-Lipase		up to 195	U/L
1.7 PROTEINS
S-Total protein		60 – 83	g/l
S-Albumin		35 – 53	g/l
Proteinogram
-           S-Albumin		52 – 69	%
-           S-α1-globulin		1.6 – 4.1	%
-           S-α2-globulin		7.4 – 13	%
-           S-β-globulin		8 – 14.9	%
-           S-γ-globulin		10.5 – 20.5	%
S-α1-antitrypsin		0.9 – 2.0	g/l
S-α1-acid glycoprotein		0.5 – 1.2	g/l
S-α2-macroglobulin		0.7 – 4.0	g/l
S-C3		0.9 – 1.8	g/l
S-C4		0.1 – 0.4	g/l
S-ceruloplasmin		0.2 – 0.6	g/l
S-heptoglobin		0.3 – 2.0	g/l
S-prealbumin		0.2 – 0.4	g/l
S-transferrin		2.0 – 3.6	g/l
S-Ferritin	men	20 – 280	µg/l
	women	10 – 140	µg/l
	postmenopausal women	25 – 250	µg/l
S-Soluble Transferrin Receptor (sTfR)		0.83 – 1.76	mg/l
S-Cystatin C		0.50 – 0.96	mg/l
S-β2-microglobulin		0.96 – 2.08	mg/l
S-CRP		≤ 5	mg/l
S-β-lipoprotein		15 – 65
S-thymol test		up to 40
S-IgA		0.7 – 4.0	g/l
S-IgG		7.0 – 16.0	g/l
S-IgM		0.4 – 2.3	g/l
S-IgE		up to 100	IU/ml
S-light chain type κ		17 – 37	mg/l
S-light chain type λ		9 – 21	mg/l
S-κ/ λ		1.35 – 2.65
S-λ/κ		0.75 – 4.5
S-амилоид А (SAA)		< 6.4	mg/l
1.8 CONNECTIVE TISSUE MARKERS
S-Osteocalcin	men	3.4 – 9.1	ng/ml
	women	3.7 – 10	ng/ml
S-C-terminal propeptide of
collagen I	men	76 – 163	ng/ml
	women	69 - 147	ng/ml
1.9 HORMONES
S-FT3		3.54 – 6.47	pmol/l
S-FT4		11.5 – 23.2	pmol/l
S-TSH		0.35 – 5.5	mlU/l
S-Cortisol	8:00 hours	118.2 – 618	nmol/l
	17:00 hours	85.3 – 459.6	nmol/l
S-Prolactin	men	44.5 – 375.2	mlU/l
	women	59.3 – 619.0	mlU/l
S-PTH		1.59 – 6.89	pmol/l
S-IRI		3.00 – 28.00	mU/l
S-C-Peptid		0.26 – 0.66	nmol/l
S-DHEA-S		0.003 – 27.11	µmol/l
S-ATG		0.0 – 115.0	mU/l
S-ATPO		0 – 34	mU/l
S-Testosterone	men	8.36 – 28.7	nmol/l
	women	0.49 – 2.64	nmol/l

Hormone Follicular phase	LH U/I	FSH U/I	Estradiol pmol/l	Progesterone nmol/l
	1.9 – 12.5	2.5 – 10.2	231 - 606	0.48 - 4.45
Ovulatory phase	8.7 – 76.3 (peak)	3.4 – 33.4 (peak)	536 – 1930 (peak)	-
Luteal phase	0.5 – 16.9	1.5 – 9.1	132.0 – 488.0	10.63 – 88.30
Menopause	15.9 – 54	23.0 – 116.3	0.0 – 136.0	0.0 – 2.32
Men (20-72)	1.5 – 9.3	1.4 – 18.1	0.0 – 191.0	0.89 – 3.88

1.10 VITAMINS
S-Vit. В12 (total)		156 - 672	pmol/l
S-Vit. B12 active, holotranscobalamin		25.1 - 165	pmol/l
S-Vit. B9 (folic acid)		2.5 – 45.4	nmol/l
1.11 DRUGS
S-Amikacin	peak value	20 – 30	mg/l
	base value	< 8	mg/l
S-Valproic acid		350 – 700	µmol/l
S-Vancomycin	peak value	25 – 40	mg/l
	base value	< 8	mg/l
S-Gentamicin	peak value	5 – 12	mg/l
	base value	up to 2	mg/l
S-Digoxin		1 – 3	nmol/l
S-Diphenylhydantoin		40 – 80	µmol/l
S-Ethosuximide		280 – 700	µmol/l
S-Carbamazepine		17 – 51	µmol/l
S-Caffeine		40 – 70	µmol/l
S-Lamotrigine		5 – 15	mg/l
S-Monohydroxy Carbamazepine		8 – 40	mg/l
S-Primidone		23 -55	µmol/l
S-Theophylline		55 – 110	µmol/l
S-Phenobarbital		65 – 170	µmol/l
S-Chloramphenicol	peak value	30 – 60	µmol/l
B-Surolimus		5 – 24	µg/l
B-Tacrolimus		5 – 18	µg/l
B-Cyclosporine		100 – 250	µg/l
B-Cyclosporine C2		600 – 1700	µg/l
1.12 TUMOR MARKERS
S-CEA		0.0 – 4.6	µg/l
S-CA 125		up to 35.0	kU/l
S-CA – 15-3		up to 38.6	kU/l
S-CA – 19-9		up to 37.0	kU/l
S-PSA		0.0 – 4.0	µg/l
S-AFP		0.0 – 5.8	kU/l
1.13 CARDIAC MARKERS
S-Troponin I		0.0 – 1.5	µg/l
S-Troponin T		0.0        100.0	µg/l
S-Myoglobin		0.1 – 110.0	µg/l
1.14 ACID-BASE BALANCE
Ba-pH 37OC		7.36 – 7.44	-log mol
B-pCO2		4.66 – 5.99	kPa
B-SB		21 – 25	mmol/l
B-BE		-2.5 – 2.5	mmol/l
B-pO2		10.66 – 13.33	kPa
B-O2SAT		94 – 98	%
B-Lactate		0.5 – 2.2	mmol/l
2. URINE
2.1 ELECTROLYTES AND OLIGOELEMENTS
U-K (potassium)		25 – 125	mmol/24h
U-Na (sodium)		40 – 220	mmol/24h
U-Cl (chlorides)		110 – 250	mmol/24h
U-Ca (calcium)		2.5 – 7.5	mmol/24h
U-P (phosphorous)		10.9 – 32.3	mmol/24h
U-Cu (copper)		0.44 – 1.1	µmol/24h
U-Zn (zinc)		4.5 – 9.0	µmol/24h
U-Mg (magnesium)		7.1 – 11.7	mmol/24h
U-Pb (lead)		6.3 – 13.0	µg/l
Ca [mmol/l]/Creat [mmol/l]		< 0.57
U-Cd (cadmium)		0.5 – 4.7	µg/l
U-Mn (manganese)		20	µg/l
U-As (arsenic)		10 – 30	µg/l
U-Co (cobalt)		1.20 – 1.35	µg/l
U-Mo (molybdenum)		33 – 34	µg/l
U-Ni (nickel)		2.2 – 2.7	µg/l
U-Cr (chromium)		0.24 – 1.8	µg/l
U-osmolality		50 – 1400	mosm/kg H2O
2.2 SUBSTRATES
U-Total protein		up to 150	mg/24h
U-Albumin		up to 30	mg/24h
U-Glucose		up to 0.83	mmol/24h
U-Creatinine	men	8800 – 17600	µmol/24h
	women	5300 – 13200	µmol/24h
U-Uric acid		1190 – 4160	µmol/24h
U-Uric acid	men	200 – 420	µmol/l
	women	140 – 340	µmol/l
U-α1-microglobulin		0 – 12	mg/l
U-albumin (first urine in the morning)		< 20	mg/l
U-transferrin (first urine in the morning)		< 2.5	mg/l
U-IgG (first urine in the morning)		< 10	mg/l
2.3 ENZYMES
U-α-amylase		< 450	U/L
2.4 CONNECTIVE TISSUE MARKERS
U-Deoxypiridin	men	2.3 – 5.4	nmol/mmol creat
	women	3.0 – 7.4	nmol/mmol creat
2.5 HORMONES
U-Free cortisol		93 – 320	nmol/24h
U-Adrenaline		0 – 81.9	nmol/24h
U-Noradrenaline		59 – 389	nmol/24h
U-5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid		13.1 – 52.3	µmol/24h
2.6 ACID-BASE BALANCE AND OTHER
U-pH		4.5 – 8.2
U-Specific gravity (Density)		1.001 – 1.028
U-Sediment		4-5 Leukocytes, 2 Erythrocytes
3. FUNCTIONAL TESTS
Creatinine clearance		1.33 – 3.00	ml/s/m2
Clearance of sodium		0.017	ml/s
Clearance of potassium		0.5	ml/s
4. CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
L-Protein	lumbar	0.15 – 0.45	g/l
	ventricular	0.15 – 0.25	g/l
L-Glucose		2.22 – 4.44	mmol/l
L-sodium		138 - 153	mmol/l

Important!

Intake of a lot of medicines, vitamins and your particular health condition can significantly affect the results of laboratory tests, so be informed in advance for the technological requirements related to conducting of lab tested parameters. Any laboratory will advise you about them. For example vitamin C should be discontinued 3 days before each lab test, so as not to affect the results. The same is the situation with colds. In lab testing of ESR (sedimentation rate of erythrocytes) you should wait until full recovery from the illness in order to test this parameter. Excluding emergency cases, reliable data for most clinical laboratory indicators can be obtained if the biological fluids for their testing are taken in accordance with the biological (circadian) rhythms. As a rule, scheduled tests are conducted in the morning from 8:00 to 10:00 hours on an empty stomach, as on the previous day you must stop eating not later than 20:00 hours. Erroneous values in excess of 3 - 4 times the norm can be obtained especially when serum levels of many hormones and enzymes are tested if blood samples for their testing are taken at other times of the day.